Klenk Island, Detroit, Articles M

321 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<375F2B8E29F4DA448F0196983DC39AD5>]/Index[273 101]/Info 272 0 R/Length 178/Prev 592955/Root 274 0 R/Size 374/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Has anyone else? Se proporciona una actualizacin de las compatibilidades entre los frmacos habitualmente empleados en las UCI, con la intencin de contribuir a la administracin segura de medicamentos en pacientes crticos. Gormley, M.S. However, the personnel administering the drugs finds charts much more useful because they can quickly look at the information they need at a given time. ;}9fUe ][n, 77"^tSg7~Yk^m_m_m_mMT Zbqx| j Vomiting or large-volume gastric suction. It is important to recognize that compatibility is not just Web17. 2020;44:8087. Recopilar la informacin publicada sobre estabilidad de los frmacos usados en el paciente crtico, evaluar la calidad de los datos publicados y generar una tabla de compatibilidad con informacin actualizada. (iii) A compatibility table was produced with data for 44 binary combinations of drugs frequently used in the ICU. In renal failure, the primary concern is generally development of hyperkalemia (rather than hypokalemia). S. Manrique-Rodrguez, A.C. Snchez-Galindo, C.M. Judit Roura Turet: data mining, analysis and interpretation of data; paper draft or critical review of the intellectual material; and final approval of this version. DKA with adequate renal function: >5-5.3 mM. The systematic review included 29 studies (27 originals, 2 reviews). The magnesium was piggybacked onto the other saline IV with the potassium. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 62 (2005), pp. C, compatible; I, incompatible; I/C, compatible in special conditions. This site represents our opinions only. This is especially interesting in urgent situations when any delays caused by the healthcare providers can have consequences in the patient. May consider checking a full electrolyte panel (including Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate): Electrolyte abnormalities often occur in pairs and triplets (electrolytic disarray). Methodological guidelines for stability studies of hospital pharmaceutical preparations. This study guide will help you focus your time on what's most important. Ideally, you give mag first, although it's not critical to do so. Less than 5% change in measured potassium and magnesium concentrations occurred in 24 hours. Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Clnic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Results of physical and chemical compatibility. phosphates. L. Trissel, C. Saenz, D. Ingram, K. Williams, J. Retzinger. ?6)J@quAD`)Xww"){-y:=%q&D2I)z*&4F0,)K52fb1e`R6K*E}Xlf*h4aZ-_4 Carasso, R.A. Kennedy. The magnesium administration, which is concomitant with potassium, aids in tissue replenishment of potassium. Errores de medicacin en los servicios de medicina intensiva espaoles. Careers. Secondary to another electrolyte abnormality: Polyuria with increased distal delivery of sodium and water to the tubule: Potassium wasting diuretics (e.g. Click Get Compatibility once both drugs are selected PEPIDs IV Compatibility tool is included in any every clinical decision support suite In the absence of the above factors, hypokalemia is well tolerated (and can be treated gradually). Of these, 366 are compatible (77.1%), 80 are incompatible (16.8%), and 29 are compatible in specific conditions (6.1%) as shown in Table 2. Mullins, K. Yaughn. Failure to check and replete magnesium levels. 2) as conditioned compatibility (I/C), that is, that the combination had been studied at a concentration different from the standard one. I have tremendous respect for ED nurses but this comment just seemsfranklynot well thought outmaybe more time to think was needed! Can Potassium And Magnesium Be Given Iv Together? If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. (2) Severe hypokalemia in need of emergent treatment (see risk stratification above). Avoid drug incompatibilities: clinical context in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Therefore, the potassium deficit may be even, The vast majority of potassium in the body is located intracellularly. So, potassium uptake is Studies conducted to assess the stability of the mix: (a) transparency: for visible particles, observation with a matt black panel, automatic particle count or turbidimetry; for subvisible particles, use of optic microscopy, spectrophotometry or turbidimetry; (b) change in color: visual inspection or spectrophotometry; (c) gas formation: visual inspection; (d) pH; and (e) chemical stability: measurement of the variation of the concentration of the 2 drugs. Avoid or use alternate Drug. Tests were run in triplicate only in 26% of the cases. Less than 5% change in measured potassium and magnesium concentrations occurred in 24 hours. Potassium citrate is equally effective as KCl for the repletion of potassium. Potassium administration by intravenous route should only be used if the oral or enteral route is not available or does not have the required serum potassium increase in a clinically acceptable time. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Webimportant to recognize that compatibility reflects only the physical interactions such as formation of a precipitate and does not necessarily address stability or pharmacologic activity of the products. Only about 2% of the total Mg2+ in the body is in the plasma. When started up again the Iv with the magnesium had blown. The compatibility of these is shown in Fig. Larger, modern studies have shown that the safest potassium range in patients with myocardial infarction may be 3.5-4.5 mM. An ED nurse can't have an understanding of fluid and electrolyte balance? 483-486. %PDF-1.5 % 516-520. %%EOF Cardiac arrest due to hypokalemia (e.g. Compatibilit de lactylcystine injectable lors de son administration en Y avec dautres mdicaments usuels. Online Medical Education on Emergency Department (ED) Critical Care, Trauma, and Resuscitation. This conversion is an acid-base neutralization reaction. The magnesium was piggybacked onto the other saline IV with the potassium. IV or IM. WebMagnesium Sulphate Mannitol Metronidazole Midazolam Labetalol Gentamicin Glucose 4%, Sodium Chloride 0.18% Glucose 5% Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) Heparin (Sodium) Potassium Chloride Potassium Phosphate Propofol Remifentanil Milrinone Morphine Noradrenaline Omeprazole Thiopental Vancomycin Akkerman, H. Zhang, R.E. An elevated aldosterone/renin ratio suggests hyperaldosteronism (>750 pmol/L per ng/ml/h, or 27 ng/dL per ng/mL/h). Has 6+ years experience. Deg C have been investigated. Select a second drug the same way (limited to 2 drugs) 3. Potassium citrate be useful in patients with nonanion-gap metabolic acidosis (NAGMA). Can You Give Po And Iv Potassium Together? By using the site you agree to our Privacy, Cookies, and Terms of Service Policies. WebMany people may need magnesium supplements. Search for and click on a drug 2. Repletion of magnesium is often necessary to successfully replete the potassium. provided compatibility information on 393 out of 945 possible combinations.5,7 After completing the systematic review, new stability data for 82 drug combinations were added. (b) Treatment of hypomagnesemia may be required to effectively treat hypokalemia. magnesium and potassium solutions in the Intravenous reduces energy levels and raises the possibility of electrocardiographic fibrillation. allnurses, LLC, 175 Pearl St Ste 355, Brooklyn NY 11201 Overall, we found information on 82 new drug combinations from 27 different references including combinations of 3 beta-lactam antibiotics (ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam) widely used at the ICU setting. Nieforth KA, Shea BF, Souney PF, Scavone JM. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Also, in this case, I'd want to correct the hypomagnesemia prior to administering the K+, since as I mentioned above, the low K+ may be refractory to treatment in the presence of hypomagnesemia. Nonanion-gap metabolic acidosis (look for RTA-1 or RTA-2), Metabolic alkalosis (may cause hypokalemia, but can also result. VT, VF, or asystole), Recurrent malignant arrhythmias with a pulse, Severe hypokalemia plus {DKA or overdose of beta-blocker/calcium channel blocker}, http://traffic.libsyn.com/ibccpodcast/IBCC_EP_67_-_Hypokalemia.mp3. Visual compatibility of clonidine with selected drugs. Making sure that the use of drugs is safe is one of the main commitments made by healthcare providers with their patients. EMCrit is a trademark of Metasin LLC. Repletion of magnesium is often necessary to successfully replete the potassium. The lack of information on the safe mix of 2 drugs creates problems in the daily work of ICU nursing teams. I sat upright and called for the nurse. Med Intensiva. Am J Hosp Pharm, 40 (1983), pp. As far as the magnesium goes we don't piggyback it most of the time. The rest is in bones and cells. 1) Se realiz una bsqueda sistemtica en las bases de datos Medline, Stabilis, Handbook on Injectable Drugs y Micromedex, para completar y actualizar la informacin disponible. Online databases like Stabilis 4.0 are very useful to look for information on drug compatibility. Added to the risk of complications associated to the administration of 2 incompatible molecules, this lack of information can make the nurse have to look for new venous accesses to administer the drugs separately whichincreases the risk of infectious or thromboembolic complications. Avoiding common flaws in stability and compatibility studies of injectable drugs. The problem is that magnesium blocks potassium secretion back OUT of the cell, and with low intracellular mag levels, potassium is allowed to freely exit the cell. Beckmans Clinical Chemistry Analyzer Synchron CX5 Delta. Webcompatibility prior to coadministration. N. Baririan, H. Chanteux, E. Viaene, H. Servais, P.M. Tulkens. It is important to recognize that compatibility is not just In my time there we have still never used IV potassium and opt for PO k-dur instead. A systematic search on Medline, Stabilis, Handbook on Injectable Drugs, and Micromedex databases was conducted for the identification of original papers, review articles and meta-analyses on the physical and chemical compatibility of drugs. This review was conducted following quality criteria based on the opinion of experts and following clinical practice guidelines811: Study reproducibility: description of active ingredient and diluent, study conditions and methodology. (2) Markedly elevated cell counts (leukocytes take up potassium while the blood is awaiting analysis). WebIntravenous administration of magnesium and potassium solution lowers energy levels and increases success rates electrically cardioverting atrial fibrillation J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. IV magnesium may be the fastest way to reduce the risk of arrhythmia (because magnesium can be given rapidly). WebThe compatibility and stability of 80 mmol/L potassium chloride and 16 mmol/L magnesium sulfate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and in 5% dextrose injection solutions at 22 deg C have been studied by means of a Beckman Clinical Chemistry Analyzer Synchron CX5 Delta. A clear and con-cise compatibility chart can be a useful tool in helping to deliver safe, high-quality IV therapy to patients. No visible haze or particulate formation, color change, or gas evolution. UAiM 0g `%u?J[ +sC e#)7p:iQZ>`} d/ J;#A- 0 IJp C%tu0t}vN0{3):UVww A;{ ?M=]\:Zk-=%]%Q`l Mixing solutions containing calcium or magnesium ions has a substantial risk of forming an insoluble calcium or magnesium salt. According to the systematic review conducted by Moyen et al. Isert, D. Lee, D. Naidoo, M.L. As far as the magnesium goes we don't piggyback it most of the time. )J23~v1aYz qL4p}t%& 2980 0 obj <>stream J.A. Administracin segura de medicamentos intravenosos en pediatra: 5 aos de experiencia de una unidad de cuidados intensivos peditricos con bombas de infusin inteligentes. The resulting salt can then be reconstituted by recrystallization. 221-231. Figure 2. See. However, chronically low levels can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. N. Beauregard, N. Bertrand, A. Dufour, O. Blaizel, G. Leclair. The magnesium was piggybacked onto the other saline IV with the potassium. The authors declared no conflicts of interest whatsoever. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Fox, L.R. Potassium chloride is sold as a generic drug, but the following brand names are also available: Klor-Con M, K-Tab, Khlor Con, and Micro K. Keep in mind that these are more expensive than generic potassium chlorides because they are brand drugs. Round IV supplementation to the nearest 7.5 or 15 mmol increment 1.6-2.3 mg/dL Phosphate-potassium packet (PHOS-NAK powder) 2 (two) packets every 4 hours while awake x 3 dosesB Phosphate-potassium packet (PHOS-NAK This involves clinical judgement based on consideration of two factors: total body potassium deficit and renal function. EKG changes due to hypokalemia (e.g. If the etiology of hypokalemia remains elusive, the following approach may be helpful: This be calculated based on spot urine potassium and creatinine levels (using a calculator found. This can be run either through a central line, or split into two 10 mEq/hr infusions through two. Profound shock with questionable absorption. J Pharm Pract Res, 32 (2002), pp. However, they may be better tolerated with less emesis. This review focused on analyzing the physical and chemical compatibility of the IV drugs most commonly used through Y-site infusion in the ICU setting and summarizing the information obtained in a double-entry chart. Amors-Cerd, B. Ribas-Nicolau. 2002 Jan-Feb;6(1):62-5. Fernndez-Llamazares, M.M. Mmmm, sort ofintracellular Mg2+ modulates the transport of K+ *OUT* of cells by blocking secretion of K+, so if there is a deficiency of intracellular Mg2+, then more K+ is secreted by the distal renal tubule. If you have any questions or comments, please dont hesitate to contact us. It's usually best to be conservative in the absence of any specific factors which increase the risk of arrhythmia (see risk stratification above). The compatibility and stability of 80 mmol/L potassium chloride and 16 mmol/L magnesium sulfate in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and in 5% dextrose injection solutions at 22 deg C have been studied by means of a Beckman Clinical Chemistry Analyzer Synchron CX5 Delta. J Antimicrob Chemother, 51 (2003), pp. Standardizing the concentration of infusion solutions is one of the most useful measures to prevent medication errors in the ICU setting, especially in high-risk drugs due to their potential to cause severe damage and because they have the highest incidence of medication errors. there is an average 1.7 errors/day associated with the process of drug administration in the ICU setting.1 On the other hand, the data reported by Merino et al. Potassium is flowing into the cells just fine. Magnesium depletion is very common in patients with hypokalemia. Commonly used rate for routine potassium repletion. Magnesium plays many crucial roles in the body, such as supporting muscle and nerve function and energy production. and SEMICYUC, Copyright 2023. Systematic review of physical and chemical compatibility of commonly used medications administered by continuous infusion in intensive care units. So, potassium uptake is not affected, and secretion is increased. Figure 2. The effect of nimodipine, fentanyl and remifentanil intravenous products on the stability of propofol emulsions. Visual compatibility of amiodarone hydrochloride injection with various intravenous drugs. A chance of incompatibility exists whenever any medication is combined or added to an IV fluid. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Infusions of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate were present in 0. 1 shows the selection process. Table 3. Complicated early prosthetic aortic valve infective endocarditis, Description of the methodology used (includes number and frequency of observations and study conditions), Description of diluents of all study drugs, Description of the material of the study recipients. Until we have new and better compatibility studies that shed some light on this issue, this review can be an easy-to-read update on the evidence available on the compatibility of the drugs most commonly used at the ICU setting. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 72 (2015), pp. Has 10 years experience. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Fox. Compatibility depends upon many factors including temperature, pH, IV fluid, concentration, order of mixing and brand of drug. Compatibility of drugs administered as Y-site infusion in intensive care units: A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2012.11.002, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2016.01.011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enfi.2010.09.004, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2010.06.002, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.9.2643-2647.2001, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000303, http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/54.19.2192, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200006000-00037, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-8180(96)00043-8, Impact of vaccination on admissions to an intensive care unit for COVID-19 in a third-level hospital, Delirium in COVID-19. We don't infuse potassium into the cells, we infuse it into the serum and then depend on good net. valuation visuelle de la compatibilit physique de la naloxone avec dautres mdicaments intraveineux usuels. Epub 2011 Aug 4. M. Maqueda-Palau, E. Prez-Juan, M.J. Arvalo-Rubert, S.M. Its goal is to contribute to the safe administration of drugs to patients who can face the consequences of greater severity due to their frailty. Administer IV dose over 2 to 3 hours for mild or moderate hypophosphatemia and over 6 to 8 hours for severe hypophosphatemia 18. Potassium chloride is inexpensively available and is rarely used in the laboratory. Stability of ranitidine hydrochloride at dilute concentration in intravenous infusion fluids at room temperature. HWr8}W|MT9'emv2}r-EZvnP%"@NdtpY{wpvtz\4/?>*FGM1@FISbr7rB]sYLwu4&ijm /&)]yZY 40HsWc32ffg0aF+my=.V"[&&p~vk'T cX0;?~3!Lc56@q]uS~ >9"TyrUm@<08XD)j]oX(X4] vo7#%1TFFBiJ$z(Eo` l@Ih La revisin sistemtica incluy 29 artculos (27 originales y 2 revisiones). After the reference search, 2 independent reviewers assessed the quality of the studies using a peer-review process. Only 6 studies assessed the chemical stability of the mixes being high-resolution liquid chromatography the method used in 5 studies to measure the concentration of the active ingredients of the mix. Bobek, M.A. 1-612-816-8773. 79-84. I had not heard this before and am unable to find any information on this. Sociedad Espaola de Medicina Intensiva, Crtica y Unidades Coronarias, rea del Medicamento. Unlike pseudohyperkalemia, pseudohypokalemia is uncommon. Administer IV dose over 2 to 3 hours for mild or moderate hypophosphatemia and over 6 to 8 hours for severe hypophosphatemia 18. The site is secure. F. Flamein, L. Storme, A. Maiguy-Foinard, M. Perez, B. Dcaudin, M. Masse. Search focused on drug combinations on which these authors had no information or had not looked for information. Incompatible: amphoteracin, cephalosporins, erythromycin, penicillins, phenytoin, potassium chloride, heparin, thiopentone, tetracyclines, vitamins B and C, nitrofuranoin, warfarin pH: 4.5 Physical compatibility studies are the most common of all because they are easy to conduct. Stability and compatibility study of cefepime in comparison with ceftazidime for potential administration by continuous infusion under conditions pertinent to ambulatory treatment of cystic fibrosis patients and to administration in intensive care units. Rapid administration may cause serum levels to be elevated (even though there is a total-body potassium deficit!). Potassium chloride is inexpensively available and is rarely used in the laboratory. Chemical stability studies, however, are not because they require more sophisticated analytical techniques to determine the initial and final concentration of drugs. If you have persistently low blood magnesium levels, this could lead to low potassium and calcium levels. Compatibility screening of Precedex during simulated Y-site administration with other drugs. It can be made by treating potassium hydroxide (or other potassium bases) with hydrochloric acid: KOH + HCl + H2O. If you have persistently low blood magnesium levels, this could lead to low potassium and calcium levels. Please cite this article as: Castells Lao G, Rodrguez Reyes M, Roura Turet J, Prat Dot M, Soy Muner D, Lpez Cabezas C. Compatibilidad de los frmacos administrados en Y en las unidades de cuidados intensivos: revisin sistemtica. Patients with hypokalemia often have a large. in a study conducted among Spanish hospital ICUs are a little better (1.13 medication errors for every 100 patients/day).2 Even so, medication errors are common in ICUs and require care from healthcare providers to minimize them. In this scenario, oral doses of potassium may be scheduled and the potassium level can be checked intermittently. Rate of 20 mEq/hr for severe hypokalemia or DKA (either via a central line, or split into two simultaneous infusions of 10 mEq/hr in two peripheral lines). Am J Health Syst Pharm, 52 (1995), pp. If you have persistently low blood magnesium levels, this could lead to low potassium and calcium levels. Disclaimer. For patients with acute or worsening renal failure, potassium is likely to rise over time. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A fractional excretion of potassium >9.3% suggests renal potassium wasting (with sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 86%). The patient had one patent iv site. Recently I had a patient that needed both iv k and iv mag. Although it is an important advance with regard to safety, the use of intelligent infusion pumps has been associated with an important number or medication errors due to programming issues.3, The combination of these risk factors increases the chances of making mistakes in the most vulnerable patients due to their severity. Elsevier Espaa, S.L.U. 8600 Rockville Pike As Fig. 2643-2647. Webcompatibility prior to coadministration. 0 Use serum magnesium values to guide continued dosage. What Is The Difference Between Potassium Chloride And Klor Con? Compatibility of drugs administered as Y-site infusion in intensive care units: A systematic review, Compatibilidad de los frmacos administrados en Y en las unidades de cuidados intensivos: revisin sistemtica. Standardization of infusion solutions to reduce the risk of incompatibility. J.R. Chalmers, M.B. The stability of remifentanil hydrochloride and propofol mixtures in polypropylene syringes and polyvinylchloride bags at 22. Our patients hate those because they're enormous pills. Published data may report both compatibility and stability; however, most evaluate compatibility alone. Storage: Room temperature of 22 C. Well, while I'm not sure I agree with the other RN's verbiage, she is correct that hypomagnesemia can make hypokalemia refractory to treatment, so hanging the mag first would be the correct action, as far as I know. Physicochemical compatibility of commonly used analgesics and sedatives in the intensive care medicine. Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm, 2 (2017), pp. We don't infuse potassium into the cells, we infuse it into the serum and then depend on good net uptake to improve potassium levels, it's sort of like cells are scooping up potassium with a bowl, except those with low magnesium are scooping them up with a colander. 67% of the studies assessed gas formation, and only 12 measured pH changes in time. Perfusions at drug concentrations that exceed the usual ones are often used in the critically ill patient. government site. Of these, 366 are compatible (77.1%), 80 are incompatible (16.8%), and 29 are compatible in specific conditions (6.1%) as shown in Table 2. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. Stability of milrinone lactate in the presence 29 critical care drugs and 4 i.v. Aggressive repletion of mild hypokalemia in patients with renal failure (. Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs? WebC = Compatible; may be mixed via Y-site. Summary of physical and chemical compatibilities. RELATED: What Does Potassium Chloride React With?