Pregnancy care providers see a lot of cultural diversity every day. As a person adopts new behaviours, it causes changes in both the environment and in the person. As at 2015, the risk of a woman in a developing country dying from a maternal-related cause during her lifetime was about 33 times higher compared to a woman living in a developed country (Alkema et al., Citation2016). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the In other words, you cannot continue to attend a separate clinic all the way up until labor and then turn up at the other hospital just to give birth. Further, what the medical institutions can and cannot offer in terms of medical services also differs. Fifth, the socio-emotional . Purposive sampling was employed in selecting participants for this study. This will cost about 5,000-10,000, and include a urine test and an ultrasound (depending on the number of weeks). The authors wish to thank all study participants for their time. More than 130 women whose youngest child is under the age of 15 participated in an online survey for this article. However, accepting harmless social practices during labour will improve trust and cater for communitys worldview about childbirth and foster skilled delivery. As found in some studies, womens preference for TBAs during pregnancy and labour, compared to the healthcare facilities was due to the use of herbal medications, which was preferred to the drugs and vaccines administered at the ANC clinics (Okafor et al., Citation2014). Babies here receive a bundle of blessings. Your subscription plan doesn't allow commenting. Pregnancy, child birth, and care are cherished moments in most communities in Ghana. The reason for thinking about these totals is to consider the many different cultural beliefs and practices that coexist in the United States, and thus the many different views that can come together in a family, particularly at the time of pregnancy. From how women are treated to abortion policies, each region has adapted their own unique cultural perspectives on pregnancy. According to researchers, Asian women suffer the largest proportion of the worlds maternal deaths, and low rates of maternal health care utilization to access services persist. There is therefore the need for healthcare providers to highlight these socio-cultural practices during health education and also design interventions targeted at reaching those who may be confined at home. During the interviews, detailed descriptive field-notes were written. National Library of Medicine Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. This first washing symbolizes that the mother isnt alone is raising her child, and that the community will always be there to help her. Some help to heal wounds in your stomach after birth (Postnatal woman, FGD). Additionally, doctors should provide and advocate for improved access to care. First, you need to register the birth at your local city office within 14 days and to do this you will need a birth certificate issued by the medical staff at the hospital where your child was born. Instead of being showered with gifts when baby is born, its the opposite in Brazilwhen guests come to see mother and child in the hospital, she gives them a basket of presents instead. If you're not sure how to activate it, please refer to this site. More in: Japan is also one of a handful of countries where episiotomy is still widely practiced. Instead the immigration bureau will accept a certificate or receipt from your embassy showing that you have applied for one. .Having sex with your partner makes delivery safe and smooth and will also prevent your husband from going out to have extra marital affairs (Elderly woman, FGD). for that one it is like a satanic illness, instead of the baby growing big after forty days, the baby will be growing small, soft body with Asram and the fontanelle is not closing up so when you are pregnant you must see those who have these medicines, they will give you herbs to drink and also use to prepare soup so even if someone wants to harm your baby after delivery it wont work (Woman with child under five, FGD). The discounts offered by the maternity vouchers differ depending on where you live (although in the 23 wards of central Tokyo they are the same), as do the non-medical auxiliary services such as free massages and house cleans post-birth. (Citation2007), memoing involves putting down initial ideas, issues, observation and patterns that can be connected, compared or contrasted while doing the coding. Secondly, because each pregnancy requires a different level of care there cannot be a fixed fee. However, certain beliefs tend to make these moments also prone to certain rituals and concealment, all in an attempt to ensure that there is no mishap during any of these periods. And it all starts with effective patient-doctor communication. Typically, these will go: Naturally, the actual frequency will depend on your own situation following consultation with your doctor. Here are some pregnancy beliefs and customs from different parts of the world. Mom and baby stay home for 20 days after the delivery, and friends stop by and also sip serbeti. Another reason cited was the belief that babies get thirsty with time and therefore, there was the need to provide them with water. You should then apply for a Birth Notification Certificate of Acceptance (, shusshtodoke-juri-shmeisho) at the local city office which, because a Family Register is not created for foreign nationals, is often used as an official Birth Certificate. Participants in this study were of the view that engaging in sex during pregnancy was essential in ensuring smooth delivery and highly recommended for women. Posted on December 8, 2017August 25, 2018, Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries. Accordingly, choosing where to deliver requires a degree of research and planning. Theyre small items like candy and souvenirs, and she includes a note from baby thanking friends and family for visiting. The length of validity on your childs residence card will depend on your status as the applicant. In effect, the context in which an individual is, tends to exert some control over the persons behavioural tendencies. Seen as divine beings descended from heaven, their feet cant touch the ground for 210 days. Women may stop working six weeks before. This practice was believed to contribute to making the head round as illustrated with the quotes: We prepare both hot and cold water for the bathing of the baby and then we use shea butter to massage their whole body and then we use cool water to massage their heads (Elderly woman, FGD). MeSH Socio-cultural beliefs and practices dur . https://doi.org/10.1080/27707571.2022.2046908, http://www.statisticshowto.com/maximum-variation-sampling/, http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/APR, https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/preventive_therapies/pregnancy/en/, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. This was done to get a better understanding of the socio-cultural beliefs and practices among pregnant women in the community. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! I have natural way of protecting myself or I use some herbs we have the community. Both harmful and harmless practices were identified. We douche the children because when you give birth to baby girl they normally have sores in their private parts (Postnatal woman, FGD). 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Additionally, babies are massaged with mustard oil and shea butter. The sequence of events that followed is not entirely clear, but according to Mrs. Koga, she carried the infant outside and laid him on the bank of a pond. To support families with the cost of raising a child, child benefit is provided to all families. All interested researchers/readers/persons who meet the criteria for access to confidential data can access the data set from the corresponding author via this email address: easampong@ug.edu.gh. Would you like email updates of new search results? Therefore, this study was conducted to identify these beliefs and practices and how they affect maternal and child health care services. There are places in Tokyo that have English-speaking staff, but many of these are located in Minato Wardunsurprising given that a disproportionate number of foreigners live here. Search Conditions & Treatments However, majority of them reported that they do not adhere to this practice due to several reasons. The process included reading and rereading of the interviews and focusing on the identification of themes relating to the beliefs and practices relating to intrapartum and postpartum continuum of care at community. For my first born, it was so difficult when I delivered in the hospital (Postnatal woman, FGD). Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Socio-cultural beliefs and practices during pregnancy, child birth, and postnatal period: A qualitative study in Southern Ghana, 1 World Health Organization Country Office for Ghana, Ghana;2 Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Cultural beliefs and practices of women influencing home births in rural Northern Ghana, Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: A systematic analysis by the un Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00838-7, Maternal death in rural Ghana: A case study in the Upper East region of Ghana, Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective, Beyond symptom recognition: Care-seeking for ill newborns in rural Ghana, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01981.x, Community-based interventions for improving perinatal and neonatal health outcomes in developing countries: A review of the evidence, Maternal care practices among the ultra poor households in rural Bangladesh: A qualitative exploratory study, Causes of neonatal deaths in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh: Implications for intervention, Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation, Time to initiation of breastfeeding and neonatal mortality and morbidity: A systematic review, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S19, A review of cultural influence on maternal mortality in the developing world, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2012.04.002, A two-year review of uterine rupture in a regional hospital, Healthcare in Low-resource Settings: The individual perspective, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2695, Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: An international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries, Contextual social cognition and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182518375, An intervention involving traditional birth attendants in Pakistan, Every newborn: Progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60496-7, Cultural childbirth practices and beliefs in Zambia, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02709.x, Perception of care in Zambian women attending community antenatal clinics, The Ghana community-based health planning and services initiative for scaling up service delivery innovation, Orthodox versus unorthodox care: A qualitative study on where rural women seek healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth in Southwest, Nigeria, Food prohibitions and other traditional practices in pregnancy: A Qualitative study in Western Region of Ghana, The effect of community nurses and health volunteers on child mortality: The Navrongo community health and family planning project, https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940701349225, Nyo dua hli30 days confinement: Traditions and changed childbearing beliefs and practices among Hmong women in Australia, Maternal mortality in Ghana: The other side, Committing to child survival A promise renewed, Phenomenological research methods for counseling psychology, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.167, Local understandings of vulnerability and protection during the neonatal period in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: A qualitative study, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66836-5. When they finally do, it symbolizes their crossing over to our earthly realm. Cultural and traditional practices, values, and beliefs have been identified by Bazzano et al. And we must ask the right questions to ensure that patients understand why we are making certain recommendations and how we will care for them in a thoughtful, open-minded manner. Copyright 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. In the hospital they make you lie down and raise your leg. This is on the basis of the social context network model where individuals integrate contextual information during social processes (Ibanez & Manes, Citation2012). I do not like the family planning method we get from the hospital. Pregnancy, child birth, and care are cherished moments in most communities in Ghana. They interpret this as good practice that is beneficial to them in some way or another. Many women who come to Australia have a pragmatic attitude to traditional In Tokyo, your best bet is hospitals and clinics in Minato Ward and Shibuya Ward. You may also need this Birth Notification Certificate of Acceptance to register the birth the embassy or consulate of your home country. Parents have to stick to a list of accepted names approved by the government when filling out a birth certificate. In Japan, childbirth is believed to be a natural and beautiful experience that does not end once the baby comes into the world. The application for child benefit payments must be made by the householder, which is defined as the parent with the highest income. To explore Korean beliefs and attitudes towards pregnancy, birth and postpartum practices: . These social practices tend to affect utilisation of some essential maternal and child health practices. The grandmothers other job is to help mom get back into pre-pregnancy shape with a routine that includes a belly-flattening massage with a towel dipped in hot water. USC leans into addressing health inequalities with the hire of global health and human rights leader Jonathan Cohen. These herbs make the birth process go smooth without complication. 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All told, you should expect the checkups to cost about 100,000 ($736) in total (after the discount vouchers). As for the babies, theyre treated like gods. According to Patton (Citation2002), purposive sampling technique is widely used in qualitative research and is appropriate to identify and select information-rich cases for the most effective use of limited resources. Our patients represent a broad spectrum of ethnicities and walks of life, as well as a tapestry of beliefs and customs that help shape their values. In adopting SCT, the researchers recognised that socio-cultural beliefs are learnt from the community through a complex, interactive system of physical processes such as observation and modeling (Hammer, Citation2011). Different cultures have different values, beliefs and practices. Consequently, there was the need to introduce them to other foods instead of breastmilk only. The minimum regardless of income is 5,000, and the maximums are as follows: The income limits depend on the number of dependents and are shown on the Cabinet Offices child benefit page, but as at the end of 2018 the income limit for the householder with a spouse and two children, for example, was 9.6 million. Do not lose this pack. 2022 Nov 3;13:961707. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.961707. In this study, the socio-cultural practice of confinement rather delayed the initiation of ANC. Included in the narrative are the beliefs of a Laotian woman who does not breast-feed her child until the third day postpartum. The quotes below reflect this belief: When we deliver, we dont eat orange because of the wounds we get after birth and it also drains the breast milk . This is usually the case for women who go to the Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA). eCollection 2022. Obviously, this extra level of care and service comes at a cost, and private hospitals and clinics can be considerably more expensive than general or university hospitals. In addition, when one is pregnant with a boy, the uterus is often bigger than when it is a female. 3. To let them rest and focus on caring for their infant, female relatives and friends pitch in with household responsibilities like cooking, cleaning and taking care of other children. This was because of the belief that the drug made their babies big making that results in difficult delivery. Eleven (11) FGDs were conducted 5 among males and 6 among female community members. Again, 2.9 million neonates die, with three-quarters of these deaths taking place in the first 7 days of life (UNICEF, Citation2012). Since then I have been giving him water and some mashed kenkey (Postnatal woman, FGD). or 817-882-2400, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Ripped plantain cause stomach pains and hence women who have delivered are prohibited from eating it (Postnatal woman, FGD). 2023 Jan 9;9:942331. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942331. There are two reasons for this. Who needs a sonogram to show whether its a boy or girl? Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. 2016 statistics show that nationwide 505,759 ($3,723) was the average cost of a natural birth. Whooping cough: New concerns about an old disease, Mental Health; In all, 94 individuals participated in the study. Initiating breast-feeding earlier than this will cause the baby to be upset. Further, hospitals and clinics in Japan offer different levels of service, from the hotel-like treatment with your own separate room at the private hospitals to a more standard level of care elsewhere. El ttulo del PDF Deje atrs las dudas sobre s mismo: consiga una base completa en la atencin perinatal eficaz, con Enfermera perinatal, 5. edicin, una publicacin oficial de la Asociacin de enfermeras obsttricas, neonatales y de salud de la mujer (AWHONN). The studys findings showed that socio-cultural beliefs and practices are widespread covering antenatal through childbirth to the postnatal period. Despite investments in interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, progress has been slow, especially in developing countries. Socio-cultural beliefs in communities often lead to the adoption of certain practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal period. These positions are shown with the following quotes: It depends on every individual; I sometimes indulge in sex six months after delivery (Postnatal woman, FGD). While Japanese people represent a significant and growing cultural group within the United States, little is known about the culture-specific needs of Japanese women who experience pregnancy and childbirth in this country. In P. L. Rice & L. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the most common traditional practices in Asia relating to pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The Awuo mre aduro is given to you in the ninth month and it aids smooth delivery (Woman with child under five, FGD). But with mothers staying in hospital for about 6 days post-birth many have full suitcases prepared for the stay. Nakayama, N. 1996. A study in Ghana found that pregnant women were given herbal medicines by traditional birth attendants to induce labour, augment and control bleeding during labour (Otoo et al., Citation2015). For many families, the birth of a baby is something that is awaited and celebrated. Authors: Mellissa Withers,Nina Kharazmi (MPH Student), Esther Lim (Clinical Research Coordinator) Not all private hospitals (, kojin-byin) or clinics (, shinry-sho) have facilities to deliver a baby. English versions of the Maternity and Children Health Handbook are also available. That also means most women won't even consider an epidural, even if their doctor recommends it. In principle, the maternity vouchers cannot be re-issued. Subscribe to our blog today. It is because of this that some women prefer to come to our facility (TBA, IDI). In addition, participants indicated that swelling of the feet was sign that the baby in the uterus was a male. Regarding cord care, it emerged from the study that it was a common practice to dress the cord of the baby and smear it with shea butter. Some of the foods mentioned were included ripped plantain, okra and oranges. For example, I recall a patient who was in labor with a premature baby. It is. The study found squatting position is one of the reasons for the use of TBA facilities. So, my baby also started feeling thirsty and will be crying uncontrollably. The Japan Taxi app is okay in the Tokyo area but its not something I would want to rely on in an emergency. However, it turns out, that in as much as some of these beliefs and practices are helpful, some can be detrimental to both mother and child. The following quote buttresses this assertion by participants: I put towel in hot water and put it the babys fontanelle then I use the hot water to douche the babys navel, private part and buttocks. In the postpartum period, confinement was common because postpartum women were perceived to be weak, fragile and vulnerable to illness. Though many women today have come to believe that there are choices surrounding pregnancy and birth, the beliefs and practices of providers, insurers, and hospital administrators play a major role in either influencing those choices or dictating how they will be manifested. Levels and Determinants of Antenatal Breastfeeding Attitudes among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. As a form of treatment for the wounds, herbs extracted from the bark of a tree nu bena was given to the women to enhance healing of the internal wound. As directed by Maynard and Purvis (Citation1994), participants listening to tapes after interviews is an important step in qualitative data analysis even though it is frequently overlooked. The moms to be in Bali avoid eating octopus because they believe that eating some . In addition, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted among health workers at district, subdistrict, and community levels. A disproportionate number of studies on this topic come from South Asia and China. Postpartum care is called omugwo, a key component of which is babys first bath, given to him by his grandmother (or, if shes unavailable, an aunt or close friend). A codebook was first developed for the main themes and sub-themes from preliminary reading through the transcripts. We take fufu, banku and rice but we expect our babies to be eating breastmilk that is not fair. Skip to Page Content, Refine your search: when the woman is almost due for delivery she must not eat ripe plantain, it is called kyem d3 which means that you will be feeling some sweet sensations in your body when you are pushing during pregnancy but the baby will never come out but that practice is now extinct so now we eat the ripe plantain (Elderly woman, FGD). During this period, the baby is not allowed to either be seen or touched by people who are outside the nuclear family. While taxis are everywhere in Tokyo, you dont want to be frantically running up and down the road in the middle of the night trying to hail one while your partner is back home in pain. However, the unanimous position was that sex activity could start at least 40 days after delivery. If your child will stay in Japan longer than 60 days and you hold a resident status other than Permanent Resident (, tokubestu-eijken), you need to make anApplication for Certificate of Eligibility (, zairy-shikaku-shutoku-kyoka-shinsei) at the Japanese Immigration within 30 days of birth.