Employees with high nPow can be beneficial to organizations. (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. d) interactional justice e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. c) top-down goals. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. Job enrichment programs are among the many direct results of his research. Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions c) more than one need may be activated at the same time Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. a) It is a content theory of motivation. e) feeling of personal growth. Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes. Intense forms of dissatisfaction distract employees from important work-related activities and tend to be demotivating.16 Thus, managers should make sure that such basic needs as adequate pay, safe and clean working conditions, and opportunities for social interaction are met. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. To submit passively to external force. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. d) Goal setting c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. They build empires, and they protect them. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence Section Reference Types of Motivation Theories Content theories include According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. Herzberg considered job duties that lead to feelings of achievement and recognition to be motivators. D) a constant intensity. As we increasingly satisfy our existence needs, we direct energy toward relatedness needs. Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? 4. Designing jobs that are neither too challenging nor too boring is key to managing motivation. Understand the content theories of motivation. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals e) assumed negative inequity, According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received? a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action To snub or jilt an object. a) power. d) power Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . 14.3 Process Theories of Motivation - OpenStax c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety Chapter 1 Test Midterm Leadership Flashcards According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). b) instrumentality There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A disaster may be domestic or international b. contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except? a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. a) MBO So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. First, managers should address the hygiene factors. Further, evidence in support of the three need categories and their order tends to be stronger than evidence for Maslows five need categories and their relative order. The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. Many organizations manage the achievement needs of their employees poorly. e) social needs tend to be dominant in more collectivist societies. Near-death experience - Wikipedia c) Cells share similar chemical composition. The Promotion contains a game of chance . They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are on different scales in his view. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence d) affiliation factors b.) d) Cells are made up of similar shapes, colors, and sizes. The implications of Maslows theory for organizational behavior are as much conceptual as they are practical. For example, our need for water takes precedence over our need for social interaction (this is also called prepotency). To fight. Quiz 8: Dorothea Orems Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory This doesnt mean that they avoid other people, or that they dislike others. An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. d) valences To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. The twenty-one Nursing Problems C. Restorative Care Needs D. Therapeutic Self-care Demands 52. Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals You probably know a few of them. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals Clearly one of the most influential motivation theories throughout the 1950s and 1960s was Frederick Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory.14 This theory is a further refinement of Maslows theory. The Genetic Theory of Aging, Concepts, and Evidence - Verywell Health That means that the employer should help employees satisfy lower-order needs like safety and security and social needs. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization a) existence factors Maslow believed that most people become fixated at this level. Solve the application problem involving cash and trade discounts. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. To praise, honor, or eulogize. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards b) safety. The more we grow, the more we want to grow. Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? The diversity of the living world is staggering. c. reorganizing experience. b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. A high social power seeker satisfies needs for power by influencing others, like the personal power seeker. Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better, b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior, 62. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. b) It is best known through the work of J. Stacy Adams. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards Long since displaced by more refined theories, hedonism clarifies the idea that needs provide direction for motivation. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. d) specific goals lead to lower performance Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? Damage to the ecological environment b. Displacement of populations b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. b.) Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). d. Appraisal of the empirical evidence for and against the selected theory for the case at hand. Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. b.) That means giving them opportunities to learn new skills, to perform their jobs without interference, and to develop meaningful relationships with other customers and employees in other departments. c) Expectancy According to Bhattacharya, a company needs to first define what it does and its long-term purpose, and then reconcile its sustainability goals with its economic goals. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. unit 3 test Flashcards | Chegg.com McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. e) Motivation, If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance? Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. a) Self-actualization The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals. Most counseling theories have been developed: a. in a scientific laboratory. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. Give examples. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. individual. All of the following are content theories EXCEPT: a. operant A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. true. b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. Term. To revenge an injury. To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. Think of this in terms of hobbies. c) Relatedness c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. a) only one need may be activated at the same time Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? Because of Herzbergs work, organizations today realize the potential of motivators. Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. insight therapies a. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. 47. a. c) Expectancy They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). Job enrichment is one effective strategy; this frequently entails training and rotating employees through different jobs, or adding new challenges. Then find the difference between the amount of savings interest and certificate of deposit interest. c.) Teachable But managers use theory every day. b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: b.) eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. Matching b. Verifiability c . https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/april-2017/rbs-boosts-employee-motivation-engagement-csr-approach/, Bombas. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. d.) Goal setting a) Acquired needs theory b) Esteem Any discussion of needs that motivate performance would be incomplete without considering Abraham Maslow.8 Thousands of managers in the 1960s were exposed to Maslows theory through the popular writings of Douglas McGregor.9 Today, many of them still talk about employee motivation in terms of Maslows theory. c) It can vary across cultures. d) The research can only be replicated with the original method. Workers also took the opportunity to clean lighting fixtures, change bulbs, and repair platform edges while performing high-intensity station cleaning. Herzbergs theory has made lasting contributions to organizational research and managerial practice. a) work itself. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! c) affiliation c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except A. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun!. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. c) People with a high need for affiliation like attention and recognition. the amount of effort a person puts forth. The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. To accomplish something difficult. b) valence b) Hierarchy of needs theory That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. a) Esteem, social, and safety Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. c) The theory does not account for regression. On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). b) self esteem b) People with a high need for power are drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. To take precautionary measures. The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. a) Specific goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are no goals or vague or very general ones. Content theories tend to: emphasize the direction component of motivation All of the following are process theories of motivation EXCEPT: SDT The term operant conditioning is used to indicate that the learning process is based on the results produced by a person operating on the: environment ( True False) Question 10. Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. Do - the-keratin.de Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. a. The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? d) Goals are most likely to motivate people toward higher performance when they are accepted and there is commitment to them. To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. c) Its essence is that perceived inequity is a motivating state. a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction e) the consequences of an individual's behavior, b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. To be seen and heard. E) an attitudinal trait. Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 Can't attend? b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. d) 28 As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. relation to the euro, what is the The possibilities are endless. d) Safety According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: b) Social With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior In the case of extrinsic motivation, we endeavor to acquire something that satisfies a lower-order need. Exhibit 14.6 shows how Maslows theory relates to factors that organizations can influence. Jobs that are best performed alone are more appropriate for low-nAff employees, who are less likely to be frustrated. Content theories of work motivation include all of the following except the _____ theory. a) Acquired needs theory __________ is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing. Motivators, which relate to the jobs we perform and our ability to feel a sense of achievement as a result of performing them, are rooted in our need to experience growth and self-actualization. 1999-2023, Rice University. e) People with a low need for achievement will also have a low need for affiliation. Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. d) power The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. esteem Integrating Theory and Counseling Skills Flashcards | Quizlet As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. Ans: e Page: 102 Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. Furthermore, since meeting these needs does not provide satisfaction, Herzberg concludes that they do not motivate workers. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT: b) only two needs may be activated at the same time SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. Abeka Speech For TodayA Beka's Speech for Today is a high school d) Self-actualization These factors are so frequently associated with dissatisfaction that Herzberg claims they never really provide satisfaction. Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism B) Utilitarianism C) Altruism D)Ethical egalitarianism Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 42 D Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Vickemz Terms in this set (42) Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation Rather than schedule these inspections during regular hours, they consulted with the maintenance workers, who suggested doing the inspections while sections of the subway were closed to trains for seven consecutive hours. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. . Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: a. behavioral. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] OB 5 Flashcards | Quizlet To attack, injure, or kill another. a) Distributive justice e) less than two needs must be activated at the same time, c) more than one need may be activated at the same time, Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? Reinforcement a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. b) Self-actualization and esteem Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). The distinction between instinctive and learned needs sometimes blurs; for example, is our need to socialize with other people instinctive or learned? That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. d) Interactional justice e) It is not commonly used outside of the United States. a. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. c) hygiene factors This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. Theories of Motivation - Expert Program Management d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. Solved ) The cell theory includes all of the following - Chegg Job context factors include all of the following except. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? Solved Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories | Chegg.com Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. e) Physiological, social, safety, self-actualization, and esteem, d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, 63. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. c) When a person will react to specific management styles An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. c) David McClelland To vindicate the ego. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? Do you study at Liberty University? A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. a. deterrence theory b. routine activities theory c. social disorganization theory d. neurological theory, Examples of informal sanctions include the following EXCEPT ______. citation tool such as, Authors: David S. Bright, Anastasia H. Cortes. Other people have lower affiliation needs. c. He relied on correlational methods. Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high Bitcoin or net neutrality, sea levels or factory farmingsocial causes bind us to a larger context or assume a higher purpose for living better. c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives.