No one form of couple therapy stands out as superior to others. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. How effective is the sociocultural model at explaining psychopathology and its treatment. The persons true intentions or thoughts and feelings are not readily available to us, or are covert, and do not make for useful empirical data. 35. Figure 2.9 shows that that are two main components that make up a reinforcement schedule when you will reinforce and what is being reinforced. 164. 12. How so? The endocrine system moves slowly with hormones, released by endocrine glands, taking seconds, or even minutes, to reach their target. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? 16. Next, a fear hierarchy, or list of feared objects and situations, is constructed in which the individual moves from least to most feared. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. cognitive-behavioral d. humanistic-existential, 9. 17. c. phallic stage. The critical part is what happens to the person modeling the behavior. Solved model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the - Chegg 111. Criticisms. They are tied to experiences early in life. d. humanistic. a. Important here is that specific culture- and gender-related diagnostic issues are discussed for each disorder, demonstrating increased awareness of the impact of these factors. During a meeting, Shondas manager asks her to free associate about her coworkers performance. 126. For social skills training, identify the appropriate social behavior such as making eye contact, saying no to a request, or starting up a conversation with a stranger and determine whether the client is inhibited from making this behavior due to anxiety. The pain was enough that I never walked up and down the street echoing my identity crisis for all to hear. d. it is too narrow in certain ways. The perspective is overly precise. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. Biological theorists view abnormal behavior as a(n): a. illness. Module Overview. Their self-concept becomes distorted, now seen as having worth only when these significant others approve, leading to a disharmonious state and psychopathology. 74. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12 - Subjecto.com c. maintenance. Those who sit in the back of the room are underachievers who dont care. What happens at the synapse during neural transmission? d. caution the patient against using religious-based counseling services. b. family therapy. a. Annually, approximately 100,000 undergo ECT to treat conditions such as severe depression, acute mania, suicidality, and some forms of schizophrenia. The therapist focuses only on issues specifically related to this problem. 131. The humanistic perspective, or third force psychology (psychoanalysis and behaviorism being the other two forces), emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as an alternative viewpoint to the largely deterministic view of personality espoused by psychoanalysis and the view of humans as machines advocated by behaviorism. It is most likely that his psychotherapist is a ____ therapist. This is called observational learning and is contrasted with enactive learning, which is learning by doing. A general term used for Freuds and Jungs theories is: a. psychiatric. An example was the attention I received for saying I was Chicken Little. a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 6. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. Recent research has discovered that autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia all share genetic roots. Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? c. ineffective treatment options. Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: prejudice and discrimination faced by women. You might say neurotransmitters are part of a lock-and-key system. Trauma, stress, and other extreme stressors are predictive of depression. Rita is seeing a gestalt therapist because she has anxiety about confronting her sister regarding painful interactions from their childhood. c. The receiving neurons fire. This is known as What are some issues facing the biological model? c. sociocultural. 147. Also of importance to the neuron is the myelin sheath or the white, fatty covering which: 1) provides insulation so that signals from adjacent neurons do not affect one another and, 2) increases the speed at which signals are transmitted. It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. However, one afternoon I was bitten on the foot by something in the water. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. This action MOST strongly suggests that the _____ is firmly in control of Nikolai. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. c. role-playing. c. psychodynamic. 89. Figure 2.10. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral. c. humanistic-existential What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? d. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Couples treated by couple therapy seem to show greater improvement than couples who do not receive treatment. d. genes. d. countertransference. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. d. classical conditioning. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? After several conditioning trials, the child responded with fear to the mere presence of the white rat (Panel C). Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. The drug eliminates the biological urge to drink alcohol. With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Behaviorally test your thought. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. d. lend itself easily to research. Someone who studies the _____ model of abnormality focuses on how values and choices affect behavior. c. extended psychoanalytic therapy. d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. Watson believed that the subject matter of psychology was to be observable behavior, and to that end, psychology should focus on the prediction and control of behavior. b. cognitive-behavioral Hence, to reach -55mV and fire, it will need more than the normal gain of +15mV (-70 to -55 mV). 12. Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: a. primary prevention. d. neurotransmitter imbalances. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. The axon sends signals/information to neighboring neurons while the dendrites, which resemble little trees, receive information from neighboring neurons. What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. d. the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women. d. short-term psychodynamic therapy. b. ethnographic studies. Our life instincts, or Eros, are manifested through it and are the creative forces that sustain life. The drug addresses (corrects) the underlying biological reasons for alcohol abuse. 25. a. having the patient engage in activities that elicit anxiety b. prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine c. teaching the patient how to effectively challenge negative thoughts d. encouraging the patient to cultivate relationships with others who have similar anxieties. c. operant conditioning. According to the psychodynamic model, current behavior is determined by all of the following EXCEPT: a. past experiences. Gambling disorder is a manifestation of the previously desirable behavior of being a risk taker. A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: a. unknown causes. In 1935, Bertha was diagnosed with a tumor, and in 1936, she was summoned by the Gestapo to explain anti-Hitler statements she had allegedly made. 2.2.2.3. 37. d. A girl is anxious about giving a speech in front of her class. Females are at higher risk for developing an anxiety disorder than men. a. existential Exemplify the effect of maladaptive cognitions on creating abnormal behavior. Ashley is a pole-vaulter ready to go for her event. d. propositions. That is the idea, at least. Dont worry. A common example is Lithium; side effects include loss of coordination, hallucinations, seizures, and frequent urination. Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? b. anal stage. This is in accord with what Freud called: a. reflex. A patient has social anxiety disorder. Medical Model: Definition, Mental Health, Psychology - StudySmarter US The pituitary gland is the master gland which regulates other endocrine glands. What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members. b. Glial cells are support cells in the nervous system that serve five main functions: Finally, nerves are a group of axons bundled together like wires in an electrical cable. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists. Biological Treatments for Psychological Abnormalities Module 6: Dissociative Disorders - Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. Describe the role of genes in mental illness. c. psychodynamic. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? Genes, Hormonal Imbalances, and Viral Infections. 2.3.4.2. As fears can be learned, so too they can be unlearned. 140. b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. Cognitive therapies. A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. Second, transference is the process through which patients transfer attitudes he/she held during childhood to the therapist. I bet the bad behavior ended too. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. As such, he continues to steal her toys. Since then, I haven't been able to swim in a lake. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. Before introducing the current main models, it is crucial to understand what a model is. The response re-emerges. 2.3.3.4. PDF CHAPTER 71 Diagnosis and Classification Issues: DSM-5 and More c. result of childhood trauma. Gender is not a cause of mental illness, though differing demands placed on males and females by society and their culture can influence the development and course of a disorder. b. a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to abnormality. This is called the absolute refractory period. In fact, behaviorism said psychology was to be the study of observable behavior. Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior - CliffsNotes That is why a person inherits a susceptibility to a mental illness and doesnt necessarily develop the illness. Observational learning is learning by watching others and modeling techniques change behavior by having subjects observe a model in a situation that usually causes them some anxiety. The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the: A. Cognitive model B. Humanistic model C. Behavioral model D. Biopsychosocial model E. psychodynamic model. c. overgeneralization. There are two forms: classical conditioning, or linking together two types of stimuli, and operant conditioning, or linking together a response with its consequence. Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? Rogers said that all people want to have positive regard from significant others in their life. For mental health professionals, models help us to understand mental illness since diseases such as depression cannot be touched or experienced firsthand. With which type of schedule would you expect a person to stop responding to immediately if reinforcement is not there? Is this correct? A reliance on medication for treatment and belief that psychological illness is much like physical illness. 19. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. The nervous system consists of two main parts the central and peripheral nervous systems. d. humanistic. c. existential. Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. Humanists and existentialists both agree that: a. psychological dysfunction is caused by self-deception. abnormality, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology. This led to a cognitive-behavioral perspective that combines concepts from the behavioral and cognitive models, the latter discussed in the next section. e. Models of abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. Through their training and their professional activities, clinical psychologists become very familiar with the definitions of various forms of abnormal behavior and the ways it differs from normal behavior. d. indicator of psychological conflict. d. hormone therapy. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. In terms of distinctive structures, these focus on the ability of a neuron to send and receive information. d. They are the brains attempts to understand abnormal electrical activity. Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? We started at resting potential in Step 1 and end at resting potential in Step 6. c. psychodynamic 2.2.1.4. 29. c. This model focuses on abstract issues of human fulfillment. In a general sense, a model is defined as a representation or imitation of an object (dictionary.com). If I do X, then Y will happen. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. Interestingly, younger adults are more likely to develop SAD than older adults. The structure of personality. The information is received by brain structures (central nervous system) and perception occurs. c. regression. 148. B) chemical imbalances and brain damage. b. Western society was in turmoil in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to the rise of humanistic and existential therapies. c. explain the connection between religious practices and mental health. Primary refers to reinforcers and punishers that have their effect without having to be learned. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. Stimulants increase ones alertness and attention and are frequently used to treat ADHD. 94. But before these diagnostic categories Despite Freuds generalization, his theory was based on only a few patients. Researchers who have looked into the link between religious devotion and psychological well-being have come to the following conclusion that: The patient might change the subject, stop talking, or lose his/her train of thought. The neuron. Reinforcement can either occur continuously meaning every time the desired behavior is made the subject will receive some reinforcer, or intermittently/partially meaning reinforcement does not occur with every behavior. Personalizing Blaming yourself for adverse events rather than seeing the role that others play. In science, the perspectives used to explain events are known as: 18. Over time, he begins to understand how events in his early life have impacted how he functions now. _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes.
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